威廉·黑兹里特/WilliaHazlitt
威廉·黑兹利特（1778—1830），英国散文家，评论家，画家。他曾从事过绘画，但是在柯尔雷基的鼓励下写出《论人的行为准则》，随后又写了更多的散文作品。1812年在伦敦当记者，并为《爱丁堡评论》撰稿。从其作品来看，他热衷于争论，擅长撰写警句，漫骂和讽刺性的文字。他最著名的散文集是《席间闲谈》和《时代精神》。
AcetheHole
Uandthesenewphrasesbeforeyoureadthisarticle.
1.broodupon：苦思
2.burstopen:猛然打开
3.carryout:执行，实行；贯彻
4.castdown:使沮丧
Oneofthepleasahgstheworldisgogajourney;butIliketogobyyself.Ienjoysocietyaroo;butoutofdoors,natureispanyenoughfor.Iathenneverlessalohanwhenalone.
“Thefieldshisstudy,naturewashisbook.”
Iotseethewitofwalkgandtalkgatthesati.WhenIatheuntryIwishtovegetateliketheuntry.Ianotforcriticizghedge-rowsandbckcattle.Igooutoftownordertofetthetownandallthatisit.Therearethosewhoforthispurposegotowaterg-pces,andcarrythetropoliswiththe.Ilikeoreelbowrooandfewercubrance.Ilikesolitude,whenIgiveyselfuptoit,forthesakeofsolitude;nordoIaskfor“afriendyretreat,WhoIaywhispersolitudeissweet.”
Thesoulofajourneyisliberty,perfectliberty,tothk,feel,do,jtasonepleases.Wegoajourneychieflytobefreeofallipedtsandofallnvenieoleaveourselvesbehd,uchoretogetridofothers.ItisbecaeIwantalittlebreathg-spacetoeondifferentatters,whereteption“Maypherfeathersagrowhergs,ThatthevariobtleofresortWerealltooruffled,andsotisipaired,”thatIabsentyselffrothetownforawhile,withoutfeelgatalosstheontIaleftbyyself.Insteadofafriendapost-chaiseoraTilbury,toexgegoodthgswith,andvarythesastaleicsa,forohaveatrucewithipertence.Givetheclearbeskyoveryhead,andthegreenturfbehyfeet,adgroadbefore,andthreehours’archtodner—andthentothkg!ItishardifIotstartsogaontheselohs.Iugh,Irun,Ileap,Isgforjoy.FrothepotofyonderrollgcloudIpoypastbeg,andrevelthere,asthesun-burntIndianpngesheadlongtothewavethatwaftshitohisnativeshore.Thenlong-fottenthgs,like“sunkenwradsureasuries,”burstuponyeagersight,andIbegtofeel,thk,andbeyselfaga.Insteadofanawkwardsilence,brokenbyatteptsatwitordullon-pceseisthatundisturbedsilenceoftheheartwhichaloneisprefecteloquenoonelikespuns,alliterations,antitheses,argunt,andanalysisbetterthanIdo;butIsotishadratherbewithoutthe.“Leave,oh,leavetoyrepose!”Ihavejtnowotherbesshand,whichwouldseeidletoyou,butiswith“verystuffofthehathassoendeareditto,youwouldonlysile.HadInotbetterthetoyself,aservetobroodover,froheretoyondercraggypot,andfrothenwardtothefar-distanthorizon?Ishouldbebutbadpanyallthatway,andthereforepreferbegalone.Ihavehearditsaidthatyouay,whentheoodyfiteson,walkorrideonbyyourself,anddulgeyourreceives.Butthislookslikeabreachofanners,aofothers,andyouarethkgallthetithatyououghttorejoyourparty.“Outuponsuchhalf-facedfellowship,”sayI.Iliketobeeithereoyself,orentirelyatthedisposalofothers;totalkorbesilent,towalkorsitstill,tobesociableorsolitary.IleasedwithanobservationofMr.Cobbett’s,thathethought“itabadFrenchctotodrkourewithourals,andthatanEnglishanoughttodoonlyohgatati.”SoIottalkandthk,ordulgencholygandlivelyionbyfitsandstarts.
“Lethaveapanionofyway,”saysSterne,“Wereitbuttorearkhowtheshadowslengthenasthesundecles.”Itisbeautifullysaid;but,yopion,thisntualpargoferfereswiththevontaryipressionofthgsuponthed,andhurtsthesentt.Ifyouonlyhtwhatyoufeelakdofdubshow,itissipid;ifyouhavetoexpit,itisakgatoilofapleasure.Youotreadthebookofnaturewithoutbegperpetuallyputtothetroubleoftranstgitforthebeofothers.Iaforthissyicalthodonajourneyprefereotheanalytical.Iaoyastockofideasthen,andtoexaeandanatoisetheafterwards.Iwanttoseeyvaguenotionsfloatlikethedownofthethistlebeforethebreeze,andnottohavetheentahebriarsandthornsofntroversy.Foronce,Iliketohaveitallyownway;andthisisipossibleunlessyouarealone,orsuchpanyasIdonotvet.Ihavenoobjetueapotwithanyoneforentyilesofasuredroad,butnotforpleasure.Ifyourearkthestofabeanfieldcrossgtheroad,perhapsyourfellow-travellerhasnosll.Ifyoupottoadistantobject,perhapsheisshhted,andhastotakeouthisgsstolookatit.Thereisafeelgtheair,atohelorofacloud,whichhitsyourfancy,buttheeffectofwhichyouareuoaountfor.Thereisthennosypathy,butanuneasycarvgafterit,andadissatisfawhichpursuesyouontheway,andtheendprobablyproducesill-huor.NowIneverquarrelwithyself,andtakeallyownnsfraillIfditnecessarytodefendthenagastobjes.
Itisnotrelythatyouaynotbeofaordontheobjectsandcirctahatpresenttheselvesbeforeyou—theseayrecallanuberofobjects,aoassociationstoodelicateandrefedtobepossiblyunicatedtoothers.YettheseIlovetotation;andoherhand,tohavetouhisysteryofateveryturn,andtoakeotherstakeanequalterestit(otherwisetheendisnotanswered),isatasktowhichfeetent.Wet“giveitanuandg,butnotongue.”MyoldfriendCe,however,ulddoboth.Heuldgoontheostdelightfulexpnatorywayoverhillanddaleasur’sdayandandscapetoadidacticpoeoraPdaricode.“Hetalkedfarabovesgg.”IfIuldsoclotheyideassoundgandflogwords,Iightperhapswishtohavesoohtoadiretheswellgthe;orIuldbeore,wereitpossibleforstilltohearhisechogvoicethewoodsofAll-Fox-den.Theyhad“thatfeadnessthewhichourfirstpoetshad”;andiftheyuldhavebeencaughtbysorarestrunt,wouldhavebreathedsuchstasasthefollog:
“Herebewoodsasgreen
Asany,airlikewiseasfreshandsweet
AswhensoothZephyrpysonthefleet
Faceofthecurledstreas,withflowersasany
Astheyoungsprggives,andaschoiceasany;
Herebeallnewdelights,olstreaandwells,
Arboursrownwithwoodbe,cavesanddells;
Choosewherethouwilt,whilstIsitbyandsg,
atherrhestoakeanyarg,
Forthelongfgers;telltheetalesoflove,
HowthepalePhoebe,huntgagrove,
FirstsawtheboyEndyion,frowhoseeyes
Shetooketernalfirethatneverdies;
Howshenvey’dhisoftlyasleep
Histeplesboundwithpoppy,tothesteep
HeadofoldLatos,whereshestoopseaight,
Gildgtheountawithherbrother’slight,
Tokisshersweetest.”
...
Ihavenoobjetogotoseer,aqueducts,pictures,panywithafriendoraparty,butratherthentrary,fortheforrreasonreserved.Theyaretelligibleatters,andwillbeartalkgabout.Thesentthereisnottacit,butunicableandovert.SalisburyPisbarrenofcriticis,butStonehengewillbearadisantiquarian,picturesque,andphilosophical.Igoutonapartyofpleasure,thefirstionalwaysiswhereweshallgoto,takgasolitaryrable,thequestioniswhatweshalletwithbytheway.“Thedisitsownpce”;norareweanxiotoarriveattheendofourjourney.Iyselfdothehonoursdifferentlywelltoworksofartandcuriosity.IoookapartytoOxfordwithnoanéct—showedthethatseatoftheMesatadistance,“Withglistergspiresandpnaclesadorn’d—”destedonthelearnedairthatbreathesfrothegrassyquadranglesandstonewallsofhallsandlleges—wasathotheBodleian;AndatBlenheiquitesupersededthepowderedCiethatattended,andthatpotedvawithhiswandtoonpcebeautiesatchlesspictures.Asanotherexceptiontotheabovereasong,Ishouldnotfeelventurgonajourneyafnuntrywithoutapanion.Ishouldwantattervalstohearthesoundofyownnguage.ThereisanvontaryantipathythedofanEnglishantnannersandnotionsthatrequirestheassistanceofsocialsypathytocarryitoff.Asthedistancefrohocreases,thisrelief,whichwasatfirstaxury,beesapassionandanappetite.ApersonwouldalostfeelstifledtofdhiselfthedesertsofArabiawithoutfriendsanduntrybeallowedtobesothgtheviewofAthensoroldRothatcistheutteranceofspeech;andIownthatthePyraidsaretooightyforanysgleion.Insuchsituations,sooppositetoallone’sordarytraofideas,oneseesaspeciesbyone’sself,alibtornofffrosociety,unlessowithstantfellowshipandsupport.—YetIdidnotfeelthiswantverypressgonce,whenIfirstsetyfootontheughgshoresofFrance.Caiseopledwithyanddelight.Thenfe,byururofthepcewaslikeoilandepouredtoyears;nordidthearers’hyn,whichwassungfrotheofanoldcrazyvesseltheharbour,asthesudown,sendanaliensoundtoysoul.Ionlybreathedtheairofgeneralhuanity.Iwalkedover“theve-veredhillsandgayregionsofFrance,”eredsatisfied;fortheiageofanwasnotcastdownandchaedtothefootofarbitrarythrones:Iwasatnolossfuage,forthatofallthegreatschoolsofpatgento.Thewholeisvanishedlikeashade.Pictures,heroes,glory,freedos,allarefled,nothgreasbuttheBourbonsandtheFrenchpeople!—Thereisundoubtedlyasensationtravellgtnpartsthatistobehadnowhereelse,butitisorepleasgatthetithanstg.Itistooreotefroourhabitualassociationstobeaonicofdisurseorreference,and,likeadreaoraateofexistence,doesnotpiecetoourdailyodesoflife.Itisananiatedbutaontaryhalterisnottobedosticated.Dr.Johnsonrearkedhowlittlefntraveladdedtothefacilitiesofionthosewhohadbeenabroad.Infae,andojokdlyontoit.Wearenotthesa,butanother,andperhapsoreenviabledividual,allthetiweareoutofourownuntry.Wearelosttoourselves,aswellasourfriend.Sothepoetsowhatquatlysgs,“OutofyuntryandyselfIgo.”Thosewhowishtofetpafulthoughts,dowelltoabsenttheselvesforawhilefrothetiesandobjectsthatrecallthe;butwebesaidonlytofulfillourdestythepcethatgavebirth.Ishouldonthisaountlikewellenoughtospendthewholeofylifetravelgabroad,ifIuldanywhereborrowanotherlifetospendafterwardsatho!
参考译文
这世上最快乐的事情之一就是旅行，不过我喜欢独自出门。在房间里，我享受的是社会生活，但是在室外，大自然就是我最好的伙伴。虽然我是一个人，但我从不感到孤独。
“田野是书房，自然是书籍。”
我不认为边走边谈有多明智。置身于乡村田野，我希望自己像草木一样复得自然。我不是来挑剔灌木丛和黑牛的，我走出城市是为了忘却城市和城市中的一切。有的人或许也是因为这个目的来到海滨，却又随身带去了城市的喧闹。我向往世界有着博大的空间而没有世俗的牵绊。我喜欢独处，身在其中独享其乐，而不会去要求“于僻远处觅友，共话独居之乐”。
旅行的意义在于享受自由，无拘无束的自由。一个人让思想驰骋飞翔，尽情地做让自己愉快的事情。出行的目的就是摆脱困扰和担忧，放松自我，不再因为他人而顾虑重重。我需要放松一下自己，静静地思考一些事情。让思绪“插上健壮的翅膀自由放飞，在嘈杂的人群中，它们曾经受到伤害，变得凌乱”。于是我暂时把我自己从城市中解脱出来，即使独自一人也不觉得失落。比起与那些朋友寒暄，为某些陈旧的话题喋喋不休地谈论，我像这样一个人坐在驿车或轻便的马车里，头顶湛蓝的天空，脚踏翠绿的田野，悠然地行驶在蜿蜒的小路上，真的很愉快。饭前我有三个小时的时间可以散步，顺便思考一些问题！独自享受这些美好的东西，我的心中强烈地涌动着一股喜悦。我情不自禁地大笑，愉快地奔跑，纵情高歌。天边云层翻滚，我陷入对往事的回忆之中，我是多么欣喜呀，就像久经烈日烤晒的印第安人一头扎进浪涛里，让大浪带他回到故乡的海岸。多少尘封往事，犹如“沉没的船只和无数的宝藏”涌现在我热切的眼中。我重温那时的所感所想，似乎回到儿时。我所说的沉默不是死气沉沉，不需要时不时刻意地加点喧闹的气氛，而是一种能抵御外界干扰的内心的安宁。这沉默本身就是最有力的雄辩。没有人比我更喜欢使用双关语、头韵、对仗、辩论和分析，但有时我宁愿撇开它们。“啊，别打扰我，让我独自享受宁静吧！”此时我还有其他事情要做，也许这些事情对你来说无关紧要，但却是我“所期待已久的”。一朵野玫瑰难道只有得到人们的称赞才能证明它有芳香吗？这朵翠绿的雏菊不已经植入我的心底了吗？我对你们解释这些在我看来值得珍惜的事物时，你们可能会笑话我，因此我把这一切掩埋在我心里，供我平日里冥想，让思绪从这里飞到远处的悬崖峭壁，再从那里飞向更遥远的地平线的另一端，不是更美妙吗？也许我不是某种意义上的好旅伴，因此我还是愿意独自旅行。我听说当你闷闷不乐时，也会独自出门或策马前行，沉浸在想象之中。但是你却认为这样做是违背礼节的，很没有礼貌，因此你总在想要不要回到朋友当中，而我却要说：“不要再伪装这种虚假的友谊了。”我喜欢要么完全是自己支配自己，要么完全由别人来支配自己；要么高谈阔论，要么沉默不语；要么散步或静坐，要么活跃或独处。我很同意考柏特先生的见解，他认为“法国人的一个坏习惯是一边吃饭一边喝酒，而英国人则应该在一个时间里专注于做一件事情。”因此我不能边谈话边思考，或因为太放纵自己的情绪导致时而忧心忡忡，时而情绪激昂、滔滔不绝。
“让我有个同行的伴，”斯特恩说，“哪怕只是聊聊太阳下山时影子怎么拉长也行。”这是一种很完美的说法，但我的观点是，反复地交换意见会破坏我们对事物最初最本质的印象，从而让思维变得很杂乱，假如你用一种哑语的方式表达自己的感受，那就真的是索然无味；假如你不得不解释一番，那么本要来享受的事物就变成了苦差。在阅读“自然”这本书时，为了使别人能弄明白，你不得不经常翻译它，给自己带来很多麻烦。所以，对于旅行，我倾向于用综合法而不是分析法，我喜欢储存一大堆想法，然后慢慢地解析研究。我希望能看着那些不清晰的想法像花絮一样飞舞在空中，而不是在一群矛盾的荆棘丛中纠缠不清。这一次，我要按照自己的方式做事情。这种情况只有独自一人时才能实现，或者是和我并不奢求在一起的一些人合作。我并不反对与朋友算好二十英里路程，然后边走边聊，但这么做绝不是兴趣所在。你对同伴说路旁的豆田散发着扑鼻的香气，可是他的嗅觉不太灵敏；当你评论远处的美景时，你的朋友或许是个近视眼，他得先戴上眼镜；当你感觉空气中蕴涵着某种情调，云朵的颜色很别致，所有这些让你陶醉，而这种感觉却无法对他言传。因此你们无法产生共鸣，而最后以至于你兴致大跌，只剩下一种幻想达成共鸣的渴望和不满的情绪。我现在已经不再和自己争吵，并且把我所有的结论都看做是理所当然，除非有人提出反对意见，这时我才认为有必要为我的观点辩护。
这不仅仅是因为你们对眼前的事物或环境持有不同的意见，而且是因为它们会引起你对很多往事的回忆，引起一些只能意会无法言传的奇思妙想。然而我却很珍爱它们，当我远离人群时，我甚至会深情地拥抱它们。让我们的感情在老朋友面前放纵显得有些牵强，同时，随时随地向人们披露这一人类的奇异，并引发他人的兴趣（否则就没有达到目的），这项艰巨的工作很难有人能承担。我们应该“领悟它，但是别说出来”。但是，我的老朋友柯勒律治能同时做到这两点。夏天在山林里漫步，他可以一边兴奋地口若悬河，滔滔不绝，一边又能把这种美景写进一篇有教育意义的诗歌中，或者写成一篇朴实无华的颂歌。“他说出来比唱出来都好听。”假如我也能够流利而又有文采地表达自己的想法，只怕我也希望身边也有一个同伴来和我一起颂扬那刚刚展开的话题。又或者说，只要我能听到他那依旧回**在山林中的声音我就会更加心满意足。这些诗人身上都含有“我们早期的诗人才有的纯朴的狂妄”，如果把他们的诗歌用一种稀有
的乐器演奏出来，他们就会吟唱如下的旋律：